Articles Posted in Unfair Competition

Indianapolis, Indiana – Plaintiff Mecca Companies Inc. d/b/a Annex Student Living of Indianapolis, Indiana filed a trademark infringement complaint in the Southern District of Indiana against Defendant Trinitas Ventures LLC of Lafayette, Indiana.

Mecca offers student-housing services in three states, including Indiana and Ohio, under THE ANNEX or ANNEX. It states that it began to use ANNEX to identify its student housing in 2013 but makes no mention of having received a federal or state trademark registration.

Mecca contends that Trinitas offers competing services in an Ohio student-housing property using the name ANNEX and asserts that this use is likely to cause consumer confusion. In this federal lawsuit, brought by Indiana trademark attorneys for Mecca, the following causes of action are listed:

• Count I: Trademark Infringement and Unfair Competition Under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)
• Count II: Violation of Ohio Deceptive Trade Practices Act, ORC 4165.02

• Count III: Common Law Unfair Competition under Ohio Law

Mecca seeks damages, including punitive damages, along with injunctive relief, costs and attorneys’ fees.

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Indianapolis, Indiana – Copyright attorney and professional photographer Richard Bell of McCordsville, Indiana filed four new lawsuits in the Southern District of Indiana alleging copyright infringement.

Defendants in these four new cases are: Indiana University of Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana; Purdue University of West Lafayette, Indiana; David Powell and Midwest Regional Network for Intervention with Sex Offenders of Indianapolis, Indiana; and East Coast Health Insurance, Inc. of Deerfield Beach, Florida.

At issue in these four lawsuits are two photos, Bell’s “Indianapolis Photo” and his “Indianapolis Nighttime Photo,” which have been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office under Registration No. VA0001785115.

Bell contends that the two universities infringed the copyright of the “Indianapolis Photo,” while the remaining Defendants are accused of having infringed the “Indianapolis Nighttime Photo.”

Bell makes claims of “Copyright Infringement and Unfair Competition” and seeks statutory damages, injunctive relief, costs and attorneys’ fees.

Practice Tip: Bell is a frequent copyright litigant in Indiana. Our previous posts about his litigation include:

Copyright Attorney Shifts to Alleging Infringement of Different Photo
Attorney/Plaintiff Accuses Wisconsin Analytics Firm of Copyright Infringement
Bell Names Aramark in Latest Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Attorney/Photographer Sues North Carolina Hotel Operator
Attorney/Plaintiff Bell Files Three New Lawsuits Over Photo of Indianapolis Skyline
Eight New Infringement Lawsuits Filed by Attorney/Plaintiff
Attorney/Photographer Files Two New Infringement Lawsuits
Lawsuit by Frequent Copyright Litigant Dismissed for Lack of Jurisdiction
District Court Terminates Copyright Suit Over Photo; Plaintiff Appeals
Remaining Copyright Defendants in Bell Lawsuit to be Dismissed
Attorney/Photographer Sues Georgia Real Estate Company for Infringing Copyrighted Photo
Sovereign Immunity May Take a Toll on Bell’s Latest Copyright Lawsuit
Appellate Court Dismisses Copyright Appeal as Premature
Bell Rings in the Holiday Weekend with a New Copyright Lawsuit
Bell Files New Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Bell Sues Georgia-Based FindTicketsFast.com for Copyright Infringement
Richard Bell Files Two New Copyright Infringement Lawsuits
Court Prevents Copyright Plaintiff Bell from Outmaneuvering Legal System; Orders Bell to Pay Almost $34,000 in Fees and Costs
Three Default Judgments of $2,500 Ordered for Copyright Infringement
Court Orders Severance of Misjoined Copyright Infringement Complaint

Richard Bell Files Another Copyright Infringement Lawsuit

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Indianapolis, Indiana – Copyright attorney and Plaintiff Richard Bell of McCordsville, Indiana filed a new group of lawsuits in the Southern District of Indiana asserting infringement of a copyrighted photo.

The photo in question in these latest lawsuits, Bell’s “Indianapolis Nighttime Photo,” was registered on August 4, 2011 with the U.S. Copyright Office under Registration No. VA0001785115. In most of Bell’s prior litigation asserting infringement of his copyrighted photos (see “Practice Tip” below), only his “Indianapolis Photo,” taken during the daytime, has been at issue.

Three new Defendants are the subjects of these copyright lawsuits: Dave Tipton of Indianapolis, Indiana, Keith Buckley of Fishers, Indiana and A Place for Mom, Inc. of Everett, Washington. Bell contends that each Defendant “downloaded or took the Indianapolis Nighttime Photo from the internet without permission from the owner, Richard N. Bell and copied on to [sic] a webserver controlled by the Defendant” and, in so doing, committed copyright infringement.

Each of the lawsuits lists a count of “Copyright Infringement and Unfair Competition.” Bell seeks injunctive relief along with statutory damages, costs and attorneys’ fees.

Practice Tip: We have blogged about Bell’s copyright lawsuits numerous times in the past. See:

Attorney/Plaintiff Accuses Wisconsin Analytics Firm of Copyright Infringement
Bell Names Aramark in Latest Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Attorney/Photographer Sues North Carolina Hotel Operator
Attorney/Plaintiff Bell Files Three New Lawsuits Over Photo of Indianapolis Skyline
Eight New Infringement Lawsuits Filed by Attorney/Plaintiff
Attorney/Photographer Files Two New Infringement Lawsuits
Lawsuit by Frequent Copyright Litigant Dismissed for Lack of Jurisdiction
District Court Terminates Copyright Suit Over Photo; Plaintiff Appeals
Remaining Copyright Defendants in Bell Lawsuit to be Dismissed
Attorney/Photographer Sues Georgia Real Estate Company for Infringing Copyrighted Photo
Sovereign Immunity May Take a Toll on Bell’s Latest Copyright Lawsuit
Appellate Court Dismisses Copyright Appeal as Premature
Bell Rings in the Holiday Weekend with a New Copyright Lawsuit
Bell Files New Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Bell Sues Georgia-Based FindTicketsFast.com for Copyright Infringement
Richard Bell Files Two New Copyright Infringement Lawsuits
Court Prevents Copyright Plaintiff Bell from Outmaneuvering Legal System; Orders Bell to Pay Almost $34,000 in Fees and Costs
Three Default Judgments of $2,500 Ordered for Copyright Infringement
Court Orders Severance of Misjoined Copyright Infringement Complaint

Richard Bell Files Another Copyright Infringement Lawsuit

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Indianapolis, Indiana – Trademark attorneys for Plaintiff Allison Transmission, Inc. of Indianapolis, Indiana filed a lawsuit against Fleetpride, Inc. of Irving, Texas asserting trademark infringement.

Plaintiff Allison is a manufacturer of medium- and heavy-duty automatic transmissions. In conjunction with the manufacture and sale of transmissions, Allison developed a standard under which it would certify transmission fluids as approved for use in its transmissions. This standard, “TES 295,” is incorporated into a family of trademarks, Reg. No. 4,379,699, Reg. No. 4,166,531 and Reg. No. 4,993,880, which have been registered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

In 2015, Allison discovered what it alleges was an infringing use of the TES 295 trademark by Defendant Fleetpride. Allison contends that Fleetpride offered transmission oil under the name PRIMATECH TES295 and used a version of Allison’s TES 295 trademarks, both in its product numbers and its advertising. Trademark lawyers for Allison contacted Fleetpride to address Allison’s concerns, but no resolution was reached.

This litigation, filed in the Southern District of Indiana, followed. In the complaint, filed yesterday in federal court, Fleetpride is accused of “intentional, willful, and bad faith attempts to deceive or to create mistake or confusion in the minds of customers” as a result of its use of “TES295.” The lawsuit lists the following claims for relief:

• Count I: Infringement of Federally Registered Trademark (Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1114(1))
• Count II: Federal Unfair Competition and False Designation of Origin (Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125(A))
• Count III: Common Law Unfair Competition and Trademark Infringement

• Count IV: False Description of Goods

Allison is seeking damages, including treble damages, along with injunctive relief, costs of the lawsuit and attorneys’ fees.

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South Bend, Indiana – Copyright lawyers for Plaintiff The Art of Design, Inc. of Elkhart, Indiana filed an intellectual property lawsuit in the Northern District of Indiana. Defendants in this Indiana lawsuit are Pontoon Boat, LLC d/b/a Bennington and Bennington Marine of Elkhart, Indiana and Hawkeye Boat Sales, Inc. of Dubuque, Iowa.

Plaintiff is in the business of custom airbrushing, including the airbrushing of copyrighted art works onto different surfaces. Defendants offer marine goods, including pontoon boats. In 2011, Plaintiff and Bennington entered into an agreement wherein Bennington paid Plaintiff to apply copyrighted graphics, titled “Shatter Graphics,” to a limited number of Bennington’s pontoon boats in exchange for payment.

Plaintiff contends that, following this authorized application of Shatter Graphics to Defendants’ pontoon boats, Defendant made further use of the copyrighted design without Plaintiff’s authorization.

In this Indiana litigation, Plaintiff makes several allegations, including accusing Defendant of copyright infringement for the sale of pontoon boats bearing graphics “that are copied from and substantially similar to” Plaintiff’s Shatter Graphics, which has been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office under Registration numbers VA 1-979-388 and 1-982-002. The lawsuit lists the following claims for relief:

• Count I – Breach of Contract against Bennington
• Count II – Unjust Enrichment against all Defendants
• Count III – Copyright Infringement against all Defendants
• Count IV – Unfair Competition against all Defendants
• Count V – Inducing Copyright Infringement against Bennington

• Count VI – Violations of DMCA, 17 U.S.C. § 1202

Plaintiff is seeking damages, including treble damages, as well as equitable relief, costs and attorneys’ fees.

Practice Tip: Plaintiff’s copyright attorneys also represent frequent litigant Design Basics. We have blogged about Design Basics’ Indiana copyright litigation before. See:

Design Basics Sues Fort Wayne Homebuilders
Creator of Architectural Designs Files Two New Copyright Lawsuits
Design Basics Files Three New Indiana Copyright Lawsuits
Architecture Firms File Four New Infringement Lawsuits
Design Basics Files Two New Copyright Lawsuits
Architecture Firm Files New Lawsuit Asserting Infringement
Design Basics Files Two Additional Infringement Lawsuits in the Northern District
Design Basics Files Additional Indiana Lawsuit

Design Basics Sues Builders and Others Alleging Infringement of Copyrighted Architectural Designs

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Indianapolis, Indiana – Serial litigant Richard N. Bell of McCordsville, Indiana filed a new lawsuit alleging copyright infringement in the Southern District of Indiana. This litigation names analytics firm Aurora Worldwide Development Corporation of Madison, Wisconsin as Defendant.

Aurora is accused of infringing Bell’s copyright in a photo titled “Indianapolis Photo,” which has been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office under Registration No. VA0001785115. Bell claims that Aurora published the copyrighted photo without proper authorization on its website, aurorawdc.com, as well as within a PDF file located on another website that Aurora controls.

In this lawsuit, Bell, an Indiana copyright lawyer and professional photographer, also contends that Defendant’s conduct disparaged him, stating that Aurora “willfully and recklessly falsely claimed that it client [sic] owned the copyrights of all images and photos contained on the website of aurorawdc.com including Indianapolis Photo and thereby disparaged the Plaintiff.”

Bell includes claims of “copyright infringement and unfair competition” in this lawsuit. He seeks injunctive relief along with statutory damages, costs and attorneys’ fees.

Practice Tip: Bell is a frequent copyright litigant in Indiana federal courts. Previous blog posts about his cases include:

Bell Names Aramark in Latest Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Attorney/Photographer Sues North Carolina Hotel Operator
Attorney/Plaintiff Bell Files Three New Lawsuits Over Photo of Indianapolis Skyline
Eight New Infringement Lawsuits Filed by Attorney/Plaintiff
Attorney/Photographer Files Two New Infringement Lawsuits
Lawsuit by Frequent Copyright Litigant Dismissed for Lack of Jurisdiction
District Court Terminates Copyright Suit Over Photo; Plaintiff Appeals
Remaining Copyright Defendants in Bell Lawsuit to be Dismissed
Attorney/Photographer Sues Georgia Real Estate Company for Infringing Copyrighted Photo
Sovereign Immunity May Take a Toll on Bell’s Latest Copyright Lawsuit
Appellate Court Dismisses Copyright Appeal as Premature
Bell Rings in the Holiday Weekend with a New Copyright Lawsuit
Bell Files New Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Bell Sues Georgia-Based FindTicketsFast.com for Copyright Infringement
Richard Bell Files Two New Copyright Infringement Lawsuits
Court Prevents Copyright Plaintiff Bell from Outmaneuvering Legal System; Orders Bell to Pay Almost $34,000 in Fees and Costs
Three Default Judgments of $2,500 Ordered for Copyright Infringement
Court Orders Severance of Misjoined Copyright Infringement Complaint

Richard Bell Files Another Copyright Infringement Lawsuit

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Indianapolis, Indiana – Plaintiff Richard N. Bell of McCordsville, Indiana initiated the latest of a string of Indiana lawsuits alleging copyright infringement of his “Indianapolis Photo,” which has been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office under Registration No. VA0001785115.

This litigation, which was filed in the Southern District of Indiana, alleges that Defendant Aramark Corporation infringed Bell’s copyright by publishing his “Indianapolis Photo” on Aramark’s website.

In this intellectual property lawsuit, Bell, an Indiana copyright attorney and professional photographer, lists a single count – “Copyright Infringement and Unfair Competition.” Bell states that Defendant Aramark acted “recklessly, willfully” and in “conscious disregard” of his rights under copyright law. He seeks injunctive relief along with statutory damages, costs and attorneys’ fees.

Practice Tip: Bell has filed numerous lawsuits in recent years alleging infringement of his “Indianapolis Photo” as well as his “Indianapolis Nighttime Photo.” These lawsuits have been discussed on this blog before. See:

Attorney/Photographer Sues North Carolina Hotel Operator
Attorney/Plaintiff Bell Files Three New Lawsuits Over Photo of Indianapolis Skyline
Eight New Infringement Lawsuits Filed by Attorney/Plaintiff
Attorney/Photographer Files Two New Infringement Lawsuits
Lawsuit by Frequent Copyright Litigant Dismissed for Lack of Jurisdiction
District Court Terminates Copyright Suit Over Photo; Plaintiff Appeals
Remaining Copyright Defendants in Bell Lawsuit to be Dismissed
Attorney/Photographer Sues Georgia Real Estate Company for Infringing Copyrighted Photo
Sovereign Immunity May Take a Toll on Bell’s Latest Copyright Lawsuit
Appellate Court Dismisses Copyright Appeal as Premature
Bell Rings in the Holiday Weekend with a New Copyright Lawsuit
Bell Files New Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
Bell Sues Georgia-Based FindTicketsFast.com for Copyright Infringement
Richard Bell Files Two New Copyright Infringement Lawsuits
Court Prevents Copyright Plaintiff Bell from Outmaneuvering Legal System; Orders Bell to Pay Almost $34,000 in Fees and Costs
Three Default Judgments of $2,500 Ordered for Copyright Infringement
Court Orders Severance of Misjoined Copyright Infringement Complaint

Richard Bell Files Another Copyright Infringement Lawsuit

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Fort Wayne, Indiana – Attorneys for Plaintiffs North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc. and National Tobacco Company, L.P., both of Louisville, Kentucky, filed a trademark infringement lawsuit in the Northern District of Indiana alleging infringement of various registered trademarks covering ZIG-ZAG® roll-your-own cigarette papers and accessories. In addition to trademark infringement under federal law, Plaintiffs allege copyright infringement, false designation of origin and trade dress infringement under federal law as well as trademark infringement and unfair competition under Indiana common law.

Multiple Defendants, most of Fort Wayne, Indiana, are named in this intellectual property lawsuit: KPC Distributor Inc.; Kuldeep Singh; Paramjit Singh; Charanjit Singh; Burger’s, Inc., d.b.a. Burger Dairy; JGM Stores Inc., d.b.a. Burger Dairy II; Kirandeep, Inc., d.b.a. Crescent Corner Express; KSL Stores Inc., d.b.a. Get 2 Go #10; KSL Holdings Inc., d.b.a. Get 2 Go #13; Coliseum Quick Mart Inc., a.k.a. Get 2 Go #15; Calhoun Store Inc., a.k.a. Get 2 Go 16; KPC Brothers Inc., a.k.a. Get 2 Go #17 d.b.a. Get 2 Go; Get 2 Go #18; Virk Brothers Enterprises Inc., a.k.a. Get 2 Go 19, d.b.a. Shell Get 2 Go #19; JAT Boyz Stores Inc., a.k.a Harlan Quick Stop; KPC Investments LLC, a.k.a. Iceway Express; John Does 1-10; and XYZ Companies 1-10.

At issue in this Indiana lawsuit are the following trademarks: Registration No. 610,530 for ZIG-ZAG (stylized), Registration No. 1,127,946 for ZIG-ZAG (text), Registration No. 2,169,540 for Smoking Man (design with circle border), Registration No.2,169,549 for Smoking Man (design with no border), Registration Nos. 2,664,694 and 2,664,695 for North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc. (design), and Registration Nos. 2,610,473 and 2,635,446 for North Atlantic Operating Company (text), all of which have been registered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The ZIG-ZAG trademarks are owned by a French company, Bolloré, S.A., which is not a party to this litigation, and are licensed to Plaintiff North Atlantic.

Defendants are accused of engaging in a widespread scheme to acquire, sell and/or distribute counterfeit products bearing various registered trademarks and/or copyrighted text that Plaintiffs allege is protected by law. This text includes the phrase “Distributed by North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc.”

Plaintiffs further contend that one or more Defendants’ conduct was willful. They contend that this was demonstrated on more than one occasion when a North Atlantic representative requested a receipt for the purchase of accused goods and this request was refused. On one occasion, when the representative insisted on a receipt, Plaintiffs state that “Defendant KPC Distributor ripped the receipt in two pieces, keeping the piece that displayed Defendant KPC Distributor’s contact information for itself.”

In this Indiana intellectual property lawsuit, filed by trademark litigators for Plaintiffs, Defendants are accused of having sold “dozens of cartons and hundreds of booklets of confirmed counterfeit ZIG-ZAG® Orange to undercover North Atlantic representatives.” Plaintiffs state the following claims:

• Federal Trademark Infringement (15 U.S.C. § 1114)
• False Designation of Origin and Trademark/Trade Dress Infringement (15 U.S.C. § 1225(a))
• Federal Copyright Infringement (17 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq.)
• Common Law Unfair Competition

• Common Law Trademark Infringement

Plaintiffs ask the federal court for damages, injunctive relief, costs and attorneys’ fees.

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Chicago, Illinois – The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Plaintiffs Slep-Tone Entertainment Corp. and its successor in interest Phoenix Entertainment Partners LLC (collectively, “Slep-Tone”) in a Lanham Act lawsuit asserting trademark infringement and trade dress infringement.

Trademark attorneys for serial litigant Slep-Tone have filed more than 150 lawsuits throughout the country under the Lanham Act alleging unauthorized copying and performance of Slep-Tone’s karaoke tracks. Slep-Tone contends that such activities constitute trademark infringement and trade dress infringement.

This federal litigation springs from a technology upgrade available to Slep-Tone customers. Earlier formats on which karaoke songs were offered included CD+G compact discs (with the +G referring to the graphic component) and MP3+G media. With the advent of large-capacity hard drives, some customers opted to transfer the files contained on their lawfully purchased CD+G or MP3+G to a hard drive, a practice known as “media shifting.” Because many compact discs can be stored on one hard drive, media shifting removed the need to swap between multiple discs to access different songs. This transfer was permitted by Slep-Tone as long as the customers notified Slep-Tone, agreed to certain terms that restricted multiple copies from being made and agreed to submit to an audit to certify compliance with Slep-Tone’s media-shifting policy.

In this lawsuit, filed against Defendants Basket Case Pub, Inc. of Peoria, Illinois and Dannette Rumsey, its president and owner, Slep-Tone alleged that Defendants violated the media-shifting policy. This, it asserted, resulted in an improper “passing off” of illegitimate “bootleg” copies of tracks as genuine Slep-Tone tracks.

Slep-Tone contended that when these unauthorized copies were played by Defendants, the pub’s customers would be confused, believing that “they are seeing and hearing a legitimate, authentic Slep-Tone track, when in fact they are seeing an unauthorized copy.” This conduct, it claims, is prohibited trademark and trade dress infringement.

A district court in the Central District of Illinois concluded that Slep-Tone had not plausibly alleged that Defendants’ conduct resulted in consumer confusion as to the source of any tangible good sold in the marketplace and dismissed Plaintiffs’ complaint.

The Seventh Circuit agreed. While the appellate court granted that Slep-Tone may have had a plausible complaint of copyright infringement for “theft, piracy, and violation of Slep-Tone’s [media-shifting] policy,” consumer confusion is the touchstone of trademark infringement and such confusion was not present. It stated:

What pub patrons see and hear is the intangible content of the karaoke tracks. They will see Slep-Tone’s trademark and trade dress and believe, rightly, that Slep-Tone is the source of that intangible content. But patrons will neither see nor care about the physical medium from which the karaoke tracks are played; consequently, any confusion is not about the source of the tangible good containing the karaoke tracks.

Because Slep-Tone’s assertions did not constitute trademark infringement or trade dress infringement, the Seventh Circuit affirmed the district court’s dismissal of the lawsuit.

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Indianapolis, Indiana – Trademark attorneys for Eli Lilly and Company of Indianapolis, Indiana and Novartis Tiergesundheit AG of Basel, Switzerland filed a lawsuit in the Southern District of Indiana alleging trademark infringement and unfair competition.

Plaintiffs offer pet medications, such as flea-control and heartworm treatments, for sale in the U.S. and other countries worldwide. Among these medications are the following trademarked products, which have been registered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office:

ELANCO, registration number 710,473
COMFORTIS, registration number 3,370,168
INTERCEPTOR, registration number 2,015,850
CAPSTAR, registration number 2,510,863

TRIFEXIS, registration number 3,944,743

Plaintiffs allege that Defendants Scott Martin d/b/a Best Value Pet Supplies of Queensland, Australia and various unknown “Doe” Defendants infringed the trademarks at issue by selling in the U.S. trademarked products that were intended for sale in other countries via their website, www.bestvaluepetsupplies.com.

Plaintiffs contend that these products are materially different from products intended for sale in the U.S., citing differences such as different units of measure as well as non-U.S. addresses and telephone numbers listed on packaging as contact information.

In this Indiana trademark lawsuit, the following counts are alleged:

• Count I: Trademark Infringement in Violation of Section 32 of the Lanham Act
• Count II: Unfair Competition in Violation of Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act
• Count III: Unfair Competition in Violation of Indiana Common Law

Plaintiffs contend that Defendants’ conduct was willful and ask the court to order equitable relief, as well as the payment of compensatory and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees and costs of this litigation.

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